Which type of biotechnology is applied to enhance the size of fruits and vegetables?

The correct choice is plant and animal biotechnology, as this area specifically focuses on the genetic and molecular techniques used to improve plant and animal traits for agricultural purposes. Enhancing the size of fruits and vegetables directly relates to modifying their genetic makeup or utilizing selective breeding methods to achieve desired characteristics, such as size, yield, and resistance to diseases.

This type of biotechnology applies knowledge of genetics to not only increase the size but also improve the nutritional content and shelf life of produce, contributing to food security and agricultural efficiency. Techniques such as genetic engineering, tissue culture, and CRISPR technology are commonly utilized in this field to develop larger, more resilient plants that can better thrive in various environmental conditions.

The other areas listed, while important in their own contexts, do not specifically address the enhancement of agricultural products. Environmental biotechnology focuses on using biological processes to solve environmental problems, medical biotechnology deals with the development of medical therapies and pharmaceuticals, and industrial biotechnology involves the use of biological systems for manufacturing processes and sustainable materials.