Biotechnology Development and Research Pathways and Careers Practice Test

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is accurately defined as a process where an egg is fertilized by sperm outside the body, which is a central aspect of assisted reproductive technology. This method enables fertilization to occur in a controlled lab environment, allowing for the combination of the egg and sperm to take place outside the female reproductive system. Following fertilization, the resulting embryos can then be either transferred back into the uterus or undergo further developmental evaluations.

The significance of IVF lies in its ability to assist individuals and couples facing fertility issues by providing an option to conceive when traditional methods may not be successful. IVF has been pivotal in achieving pregnancies in various scenarios, such as blocked fallopian tubes, ovulation disorders, or unexplained infertility, enhancing the chances of conception that might not have been possible otherwise. The technique has also led to advancements in genetic screening of embryos, allowing prospective parents to have greater control over genetic conditions.

While the other options mention relevant biotechnology concepts, they do not pertain accurately to IVF. Cloning plants, genetic modification of embryos, and conducting biopsies involve different methodologies and objectives that are distinct from the process of fertilization and embryo transfer that characterizes IVF.