Which technique is primarily focused on the preservation of genetic material?

Genetic modification is primarily concerned with the preservation and alteration of genetic material. This involves techniques that manipulate an organism's DNA to achieve desired traits, which can include enhancing characteristics, introducing new genes, or conserving valuable genetic resources. This process is crucial in fields such as agriculture, where maintaining the genetic health and diversity of crops is essential for food security and resilience against diseases and climate change.

In contrast, fermentation is a metabolic process used primarily for the conversion of sugars to acids, gases, or alcohol by microorganisms, and while it can involve genetic material, its primary focus is not on preservation. Bioremediation refers to the use of living organisms to remove or neutralize contaminants from soil or water, dealing predominantly with environmental cleanup rather than genetic preservation. Bioinformatics involves the use of software tools and computational techniques for managing and analyzing biological data, particularly related to genetic sequences, but it does not directly involve the preservation of genetic material itself.