What is one application of genetic engineering in agriculture?

Enhancing pest resistance in crops is a significant application of genetic engineering in agriculture. This process involves modifying the genetic makeup of plants to include traits that allow them to withstand pest attacks more effectively. By introducing specific genes that produce proteins toxic to certain pests or enhance the plant's natural defense mechanisms, farmers can reduce the reliance on chemical pesticides. This not only helps to protect the crop yield but also promotes more sustainable farming practices. Genetically modified crops with pest resistance can lead to higher productivity and reduced environmental impact, making this application of genetic engineering both economically and ecologically beneficial.

The other options do not accurately represent the role of genetic engineering in agriculture. Breeding plants without human intervention refers to traditional breeding methods rather than genetic engineering. Preserving traditional crop species generally involves conservation efforts rather than modification through genetic techniques. Eliminating all fertilizers is not a goal of genetic engineering, as fertilizers play a critical role in supporting plant growth and development alongside improved crop varieties.