What is gene cloning?

Gene cloning refers to the creation of copies of a specific gene or DNA segment, which is pivotal in the field of biotechnology. This process involves isolating a particular gene of interest and replicating it to produce multiple identical copies. The cloned genes can be used for various applications, such as studying gene functions, producing proteins for therapeutic uses, or generating genetically modified organisms.

The other options involve distinct concepts within genetics and biotechnology. Sequencing the entire genome encompasses determining the complete nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA, which does not focus on a specific gene. The study of gene expression patterns examines how genes are turned on or off in different cells or under various conditions, rather than duplicating them. Altering genetic traits in plants is related to genetic modification or engineering, which might employ cloned genes but is not the definition of gene cloning itself.