What are monoclonal antibodies used for?

Monoclonal antibodies are specifically designed to bind to particular antigens, which are substances that induce an immune response. This binding capability allows monoclonal antibodies to be utilized in targeted therapies, especially in the treatment of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. By attaching to specific targets—such as proteins found on the surface of tumor cells—monoclonal antibodies can either mark these cells for destruction by the immune system or deliver therapeutic agents directly to them, thereby enhancing treatment efficacy while minimizing side effects.

The other options do not accurately describe the primary application of monoclonal antibodies. For instance, enhancing crop yield involves biotechnology techniques like genetic engineering rather than the targeting properties of monoclonal antibodies. Infecting pathogens to study diseases aligns more with traditional microbiology techniques rather than the specific binding capabilities of monoclonal antibodies. Similarly, conserving genetic diversity pertains more to conservation biology and breeding strategies than to the role of monoclonal antibodies in medical treatments.