Define cell culture.

Cell culture refers to the process of growing cells under controlled conditions, typically outside of their natural environment. This technique allows scientists to maintain and manipulate cell lines for various research and biotechnological applications. In a laboratory setting, cells can be cultured on different substrates, provided with specific nutrients, and monitored for growth, viability, and behavior in response to various stimuli.

This process is fundamental in many areas of biological research, including drug discovery, cancer research, and the development of vaccines. By controlling the environment in which cells grow, researchers can ensure consistent and reproducible results, which is crucial for experimental validity. Cell culture also facilitates a better understanding of cellular mechanisms and interactions, enabling advances in medical and scientific fields.

The other choices do not accurately capture the essence of cell culture. Cloning animals involves more complex procedures than merely growing cells, isolating DNA pertains specifically to genetic material extraction, and identifying genetic disorders typically requires a combination of genetic analysis and testing rather than the growth of cells alone. Therefore, the choice that defines cell culture accurately is the process of growing cells in a controlled environment.